Uyu munsi, nzaguha intangiriro muri make amateka ya plastiki.

Ipasitike ya mbere yubukorikori bwa mbere mu mateka y’umuntu ni resin ya fenolike yakozwe na Amerika Baekeland hamwe na fenol na formaldehyde mu 1909, izwi kandi nka plastike ya Baekeland.Ibisigarira bya fenolike bikozwe na reaction ya fenolisi na aldehydes, kandi ni ibya plastiki ya termosetting.Igikorwa cyo kwitegura kigabanyijemo intambwe ebyiri: intambwe yambere: ubanza polymerize mubice hamwe nurwego ruto rwumurongo wa polymerisation;intambwe ya kabiri: koresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango uyihindure polymer hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwa polymerisation.
Nyuma yimyaka irenga ijana yiterambere, ibicuruzwa bya plastike ubu biri hose kandi bikomeje kwiyongera kumuvuduko uteye ubwoba.Ibisigarira bisukuye birashobora kutagira ibara kandi bisobanutse cyangwa byera mubigaragara, kuburyo ibicuruzwa bidafite ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi byiza.Kubwibyo, gutanga ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike amabara meza byahindutse inshingano idashobora kwirindwa yinganda zitunganya plastike.Kuki plastiki yateye imbere vuba mumyaka 100 gusa?Ahanini kuberako afite ibyiza bikurikira:

1. Plastike irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro munini. (Binyuzeifumbire)

2. Ubucucike bugereranije bwa plastike ni bworoshye kandi imbaraga ni nyinshi.

3. Plastiki irwanya ruswa.

4. Plastike ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubika no kubika ubushyuhe.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa plastiki.Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa thermoplastique?

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nimwe mubintu nyamukuru-bigamije plastiki.Muri plastiki eshanu za mbere ku isi, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya polyethylene.PVC ifite ubukana bwiza no kurwanya ruswa, ariko ikabura elastique, kandi monomer yayo ni uburozi.

2. Polyolefin (PO), ibisanzwe ni polyethylene (PE) na polypropilene (PP).Muri byo, PE ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa binini bya pulasitiki rusange.PP ifite ubucucike buke ugereranije, ntabwo ari uburozi, impumuro nziza kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwiza.Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 110.Iwacuikiyiko cya plastikiikozwe mubyiciro byibiribwa PP.

3. Styrene isigara, harimo polystirene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) na polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. Polyamide, polyakarubone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene (POM).Ubu bwoko bwa plastike burashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubatswe, bizwi kandi nkibikoresho byubwubatsi.

Ivumburwa n’imikoreshereze ya plastiki byanditswe mu mateka y’amateka, kandi ni cyo kintu cya kabiri cyavumbuwe cyagize ingaruka ku bantu mu kinyejana cya 20.Plastike rwose ni igitangaza kwisi!Uyu munsi, turashobora kuvuga nta gukabya: “Ubuzima bwacu ntibushobora gutandukana na plastiki”!