Uyu munsi, ndabagezaho incamake y'amateka ya pulasitiki.

Plastike ya mbere yuzuye mu mateka y'abantu yari resine ya phenolic yakozwe n'Abanyamerika Baekeland irimo phenol na formaldehyde mu 1909, izwi kandi nka plastiki ya Baekeland. Resine za phenolic zikorwa binyuze mu buryo bwo guhumeka kwa phenol na aldehyde, kandi zikaba ari iza pulasitiki zikoresha thermosetting. Uburyo bwo gutegura bugabanyijemo intambwe ebyiri: intambwe ya mbere: iya mbere ni polimerize mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo gifite polimerize nkeya; intambwe ya kabiri: gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo uyihinduremo polimerize ifite polimerize nyinshi.
Nyuma y'imyaka irenga ijana y'iterambere, ibikomoka kuri pulasitiki ubu biri hose kandi bikomeje gukura ku muvuduko utangaje. Resin isanzwe ishobora kuba idafite ibara kandi ibonerana cyangwa iy'umweru mu isura, ku buryo ibikomoka kuri pulasitiki bitagira imiterere igaragara kandi ikurura. Kubwibyo, guha ibikomoka kuri pulasitiki amabara meza byabaye inshingano idashobora kwirindwa y'inganda zitunganya pulasitiki. Kuki pulasitiki yateye imbere vuba mu myaka 100 gusa? Cyane cyane ni uko afite ibyiza bikurikira:

1. Plastike zishobora gukorwa ku rugero runini. (Binyuze muibumba rya pulasitiki)

2. Ubucucike bwa pulasitiki ni bworoshye kandi imbaraga ni nyinshi.

3. Plasitike ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese.

4. Plastike ifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira no gukingira ubushyuhe.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa pulasitiki. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa thermoplastics?

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ni imwe muri pulasitiki zikoreshwa muri rusange. Mu pulasitiki eshanu za mbere ku isi, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyikora ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya polyethylene. PVC ifite ubukana bwiza kandi irwanya ingese, ariko ntigira ubukana, kandi monomer yayo ni uburozi.

2. Polyolefin (PO), ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni polyethylene (PE) na polypropylene (PP). Muri zo, PE ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki binini bikoreshwa muri rusange. PP ifite ubucucike buke, ntabwo ihumanya, ntigira impumuro kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe. Ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi zigera kuri 110.ikiyiko cya pulasitikiikozwe muri PP yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa.

3. Resine za Styrene, harimo na polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) na polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. Polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene (POM). Ubwo bwoko bwa plastiki bushobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, bizwi kandi nk'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga.

Ivumburwa n'ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki byanditswe mu nkuru z'amateka, kandi ni cyo gishya cya kabiri cy'ingenzi cyagize ingaruka ku bantu mu kinyejana cya 20. Plasitike koko ni igitangaza ku isi! Muri iki gihe, dushobora kuvuga tudakabya tuti: “Ubuzima bwacu ntibushobora gutandukana na pulasitiki”!